If you’re in the market for a used car, you may encounter listings labeled “Cat S” or “Cat N.” These designations indicate that the vehicle has been declared a total loss (“written off”) by an insurance company. Understanding these categories is crucial because they affect a car’s value, repairability, and even insurability.
Why Does This Matter? Car write-off categories exist to standardize how insurers and buyers assess the extent of damage. A write-off isn’t necessarily a death sentence for a vehicle; many can be repaired and legally returned to the road. However, the severity of the initial damage dictates how it’s classified.
The Four Write-Off Categories Explained
Insurance companies assign one of four categories based on the damage:
- Category A: The vehicle is beyond repair and must be crushed. No parts can be legally reused.
- Category B: The car cannot be safely repaired, but salvageable parts may be removed before scrapping.
- Category S: The car has suffered structural damage (chassis, suspension, etc.) but is repairable.
- Category N: The car has non-structural damage (body panels, lights) that is too costly to fix but still repairable.
Important Note: Categories A and B cars are illegal to repair or resell. Only Cat S and Cat N vehicles can be returned to the road after proper inspection and re-registration.
What is a Category N (Cat N) Car?
A Cat N car was written off due to damage that isn’t structural – think dents, scratches, broken lights, or electrical issues. Insurers decide it’s cheaper to replace the car than repair these cosmetic or minor mechanical faults.
Key points:
- Cat N cars can be legally repaired and driven.
- The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) must be informed of the write-off history.
- Sellers are legally obligated to disclose this status to buyers.
What is a Category S (Cat S) Car?
A Cat S car has structural damage affecting vital components like the chassis or suspension. While this sounds severe, insurers sometimes write off vehicles even with repairable structural issues if the cost outweighs the car’s value.
Buyer Beware: Structural damage can be hidden, so a professional inspection is essential before buying.
What About Older Categories C and D?
Before 2017, insurers used categories C and D. These have been replaced by N and S, but older cars may still carry these designations.
- Cat C: Similar to Cat N – non-structural damage, repairable.
- Cat D: Similar to Cat S – structural damage, repairable.
What If Your Car Is Written Off?
If your insurer declares your car a write-off, they’ll handle collection and either repair (if feasible) or scrapping. You must notify the DVLA, and you can reclaim your private registration if you have one.
DVLA Notification: Failing to inform the DVLA could result in a fine of up to £1,000.
Should You Buy a Cat S or Cat N Car?
Maybe. A well-repaired Cat S or Cat N car can be a bargain, but caution is key.
Consider these factors:
- History: Verify the write-off status through vehicle history checks.
- Repairs: Get a professional inspection to confirm repair quality.
- Insurance: Some insurers may refuse to cover previously written-off cars or charge higher premiums.
- Value: These cars are worth less, making resale harder.
Bottom Line: A Cat S or Cat N car can be a good deal if thoroughly inspected and legally sound. However, proceed with caution and due diligence.
